From 1.8 billion to 800 million years ago, Earth was seemingly quite a boring place. Continents moved little, and life evolved excruciatingly slowly. Not much seemed to be going on, which is why ...

Locked inside a frozen rock from the edge of the world is a story that began before Earth had oceans, continents or even a solid surface. A 4.5 Billion-Year-Old fragment of cosmic debris recovered in ...

Relative plate motions and plate boundary geometries are from Cao et al. (2024), with plate motions placed in a mantle reference frame. Continents are light grey, with continental margins shown in ...