When René Descartes watched a mechanical figure move with lifelike precision in the 17th century, the scene unsettled him.

Consciousness evolved in stages, starting with basic survival responses like pain and alarm, then expanding into focused awareness and self-reflection. These layers help organisms avoid danger, learn ...

The universe has no brain. It has no gray matter, no nervous system, no neurons firing electrical impulses—and yet, that ...

New work explores why consciousness evolved and what observing birds can teach us about its biological purpose.

Right now, the debate about consciousness often feels frozen between two entrenched positions. On one side sits computational ...

The familiar fight between “mind as software” and “mind as biology” may be a false choice. This work proposes biological computationalism: the idea that brains compute, but not in the abstract, symbol ...

A new theoretical framework argues that the long-standing split between computational functionalism and biological naturalism misses how real brains actually compute.

When David Luke committed to studying psychedelics and parapsychology, it felt like double career suicide. Today, elite institutions have his back as he explores DMT “entities,” near-death experiences ...

In this video, we explore various aspects of artificial intelligence and consciousness, discussing: - AI in science fiction ...

Calling consciousness an "entropic engine" points to something psychologically obvious: selfhood costs energy. Maintaining a stable "me" model across time, contexts, and internal contradictions ...