A new theory 'demystifies' the crystallization process and shows that the material that crystallizes is the dominant component within a solution -- which is the solvent, not the solute. The theory ...

Process analytical technologies (PAT) have greatly developed in the past three decades and have been essential to improve the understanding of small-molecule crystallization 11, first in batch mode ...

All-perovskite tandem solar cells 1,2,3,4, combining wide and narrow bandgap subcells 5,6,7,8, demonstrate the potential to surpass the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit of single-junction ...

Waters supersaturated with sparingly soluble salts are encountered in RO/NF (reverse osmosis/nanofiltration) membrane-based water treatment processes, cooling water discharge, and produced water from ...