Finite State Machines (FSMs) serve as a foundational model for representing the behaviour of systems that transition between discrete states in response to inputs. Their applicability ranges from ...

Finite State Machines (FSMs) have long been a cornerstone of digital system design, and continuing advancements in logic synthesis have enabled increasingly optimised implementations. At its core, FSM ...

In my previous article, I highlighted the importance of state machine thinking in creating robust and dependable systems. Now, let's delve deeper into the mathematical underpinnings of converting ...

Designing a synchronous finite state machine (FSM) is a common task for a digital logic engineer. This paper discusses a variety of issues regarding FSM design using Verilog and VHDL coding styles.

Building a Commodore 64 is among the easier projects for retrocomputing fans to tackle. That’s because the C64’s core chipset does most of the heavy lifting; source those and you’re probably 80% of ...

Most embedded systems are reactive by nature. They measure certain properties of their environment with sensors and react on changes. For example, they display something, move a motor, or send a ...

Regular expressions. Closure properties. Sequential machines and finite state transducers. State minimization. Chomsky hierarchy grammars, pushdown acceptors and linear bounded automata. Closure ...

A mathematical model of computation. Named after English scientist Alan Turing, a Turing machine is a finite state machine that reads a tape divided into cells. The Turing machine examines the symbol ...

A hybrid computer uses rotating mechanical beams for memory and electrical contacts for logic, performing reprogrammable computation through physical motion in environments where conventional ...