Compared to their analog counterparts, digital filters offer outstanding performance and flexibility. Designing digital filters can seem a daunting task, however, because of its seemingly endless ...

Optical frequency combs, generated by means of self-referenced and stabilized mode-locked lasers, have enabled revolutionary progress in precision optical frequency synthesis and metrology 1,2,3,4.

Figure 4. A snapshot, in time, of two complex numbers whose exponents, and thus their phase angles, change with time. The notion of negative frequency is often troubling to engineers who've spent so ...

This article is part of the Ideas for Design Series: Vol. 3, No. 9. Many communications and sensor applications require a bandpass filter with wide bandwidth. This filter typically requires precision ...