An object is moving counter-clockwise along a circle with the centre at the origin. At \(t=0\) the object is at point \(A(0,5)\) and at \(t=2\pi\) it is back to point \(A\) for the first time.
The response of a medium illuminated by a light field can be described by perturbative or non-perturbative non-linear optics that are conceptually very different. In perturbative non-linear optics 1, ...