A shrinking population will have profound consequences. It will turn expectations about everything from housing to greenhouse-gas emissions upside down. A contracting labour force and a dwindling ...

Sub-replacement fertility rates are altering demographic landscapes and could threaten economic growth in the coming decades.

“In the past”, says Furkan Kayabasoglu, an obstetrician in Istanbul, “I would deliver a couple’s first baby and then their second or even a third.” These days, however, “one and done” parents are ...