A Monte Carlo simulation study examines the behavior of these methods under the null hypothesis and under alternative hypotheses, with both normal and nonnormal distributions. All results are compared ...

General expressions for the covariance of a product of n random variables with a product of m random variables, and for the expectation of a product of random variables, in terms of the means and ...

However, the resolution of this technique cannot be increased using covariance analysis because there is no correlation between the incident and transmitted spectra at different energies.