Vibro replacement, also known as stone column technique, is a ground improvement method in geotechnical engineering that involves inserting coarse aggregate or crushed stone into weak or compressible soils through the use of a vibrating probe. The probe penetrates the soil and creates a cavity, which is then filled with stone in layers while being compacted by the vibrations. This process forms vertical stone columns that increase the load-bearing capacity of the ground, reduce settlement, and i